10Ô£¬¹ú¼ÊÖªÃûѧÊõÆÚ¿¯¡¶×ÔÈ»-·½·¨£¨Nature Methods£©¡·ÔÚÏß·¢±íÁËÖйú¿ÆÑ§ÔºÉϺ£ÉúÃü¿ÆÑ§Ñо¿Ôº/ÉϺ£½»Í¨´óѧҽѧԺ½¡¿µ¿ÆÑ§Ñо¿Ëù³£ÐËÑо¿×éÌâΪ¡°Targeted AID -mediated mutagenesis (TAM) enablesefficient genomic diversification in mammalian cells¡±µÄ×îÐÂÑо¿³É¹û£¬±¨µÀÁËÀûÓðÐÏòÐÔ°ûà×à¤ÍѰ±Ã¸ÔÚÌåÄÚʵÏÖ¸ßЧÂʺ͸ßͨÁ¿µÄDNA¼î»ù±à¼­µÄз½·¨¡£

µ¥ºËÜÕËáµÄ¶àÑùÐÔÊÇÒÅ´«¶àÑùÐÔµÄÖ÷ÒªÀ´Ô´£¬ÊÇ·Ö×Ó½ø»¯µÄ¶¯Á¦ºÍºÜ¶à¼²²¡µÄÖ±½ÓÓÕÒò¡£È»¶øÓÉÓÚ²¸È鶯Îï»ùÒò×éµÄ¸ß¶ÈÎȶ¨ÐÔ£¬ÔÚ²¸È鶯Îïϸ°ûÄÚºÜÄѸßЧºÍ¸ßͨÁ¿µØÓÕµ¼µ¥ºËÜÕËáµÄÍ»±ä£¬½ø¶øÑо¿ÕâЩͻ±äµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£ËäȻͨ¹ýCRISpRµÈ»ùÒò±à¼­¼¼Êõ£¬¿ÉÒÔʵÏֽϸßЧµÄDNAÇиîºÍ»ùÒòÇóý£¬µ«ÓÉÓÚÍ¬Ô´ÖØ×é(HDR)µÄЧÂʵÍÏ£¬ÏÖÓеÄCRISpR¼¼Êõ¶ÔÓÚÌåÄÚ¹¹½¨µ¥ºËÜÕËáÍ»±äÈÔ´¦ÓÚµÍЧ½×¶Î¡£

°ÐÏòÐÔAID½éµ¼µÄºËÜÕËáÍ»±ä£¨TAM£©ÕâÖÖеÄÑо¿·½·¨£¬ÓпÉÄܸıäÕâÒ»ÏÖ×´¡£ÓбðÓÚ¾ø´ó¶àÊýÌåϸ°û»ùÒò×飬ÊÊÓ¦ÐÔÃâÒßϵͳÔÚÁܰÍϸ°û·¢Óý¹ý³ÌÖпÉÒÔ½øÐиßЧ±à¼­£¬¶Ô¿¹Ô­ÊÜÌå½øÐиßЧͻ±ä£¬²úÉú½üºõÎÞÏ޵Ŀ¹Ô­ÊÜÌå¿â£¬ÓÃÒÔµÖÓù¿ÉÄܵIJ¡Ô­ÌåÈëÇÖ¡£ÊÜÕâÒ»¡°Í»±ä×ÔÎÒ¡±»úÖÆµÄÆô·¢£¬²©Ê¿Ñо¿ÉúÂíÔÆÇàºÍÕżÑÔªÔÚ³£ÐËÑо¿Ô±µÄÖ¸µ¼Ï·¢ÏÖ£¬µ±°ÑºËËáøȱÏݵÄCas9µ°°×ºÍÓÕµ¼¿¹Ìå¸ßƵͻ±äµÄ°ûà×à¤ÍѰ±Ã¸AIDÈںϺó£¬ÔÚsgRNA°ÐÏòµÄ»ùÒò×éDNAÉÏ£¬°ûà×ऺÍÄñàÑßÊ¿ÉÒÔËæ»úµØÏòÆäËüÈý¸ö¼î»ùת±ä¡£

dCas9-AIDÈںϵ°°×£¬±»sgRNAÕÐļµ½ÏàÓ¦µÄ»ùÒò×éDNAÉÏ£¬Ëæ»úÓÕµ¼°ûà×ऺÍÄñàÑßʵĵãÍ»±ä£¬´Ó¶øÊµÏÖÌåÄÚÌØ¶¨DNAÐòÁеĶàÑù»¯£¬Í¨¹ýÒÅ´«É¸Ñ¡£¬¸ßͨÁ¿·ÖÎöµ¥ºËÜÕËáÍ»±äµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£

Õâһз½·¨¿ÉÒÔ¶Ôϸ°ûÄÚµÄÌØ¶¨DNAÐòÁнøÐжàÑù»¯£¬Íê³ÉÒÅ´«É¸Ñ¡£¬´Ó¶ø·ÖÎöµ¥ºËÜÕËáÍ»±äµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£Í¬Ê±ÔÚÒ»ÖÖ¶àëÄÒÖÖÆ¼ÁµÄ¸¨ÖúÏ£¬dCas9-AID¿ÉÒÔÓÕµ¼Ìض¨µÄ°ûà×à¤ÏòÐØÏÙà×à¤×ª±ä£¬ÊµÏÖµ¥¼î»ùµÄ¾«È·±à¼­¡£¸ÃÑо¿ÍŶӽøÒ»²½Ö¤Ã÷£¬ÀûÓÃÕâÒ»·½·¨¿ÉÒÔ¿ìËÙÓÐЧµØÄ£ÄâÖ×Áöϸ°ûÌåÄÚÄÍÒ©»úÖÆµÄÒìÖÊÐÔ£¬Ô¤²â¿ÉÄܵÄÖ×ÁöÄÍÒ©ÐÔÍ»±ä£¬½ø¶ø¸ÄÁ¼Ð¡·Ö×ÓÒÖÖÆ¼ÁºÍÑо¿Ð¡·Ö×ÓÓëµ°°×ÖʰеãµÄÏ໥×÷Óá£

ÕâÒ»Ñо¿³É¹ûΪ·Ö×Ó½ø»¯¡¢»ùÒòÖÎÁƺÍÔÚµ¥¼î»ùˮƽÉÏ·ÖÎö»ùÒòµ÷¿ØÔª¼þµÈÁìÓòÌṩÐµķ½·¨¡£

Ô­ÎÄÕªÒª£ºTargeted AID -mediated mutagenesis (TAM) enablesefficient genomic diversification in mammalian cells

A large number of genetic variants have been associated with human diseases. However, the lack of a genetic diversification approach has impeded our ability to interrogate functions of genetic variants in mammalian cells. Current screening methods can only be used to disrupt a gene or alter its expression. Here we report the fusion of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) with nuclease-inactive clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISpR)-associated protein 9 (dCas9) for efficient genetic diversification, which enabled high-throughput screening of functional variants. Guided by single guide (sg)RNAs, dCas9-AID-p182X (AIDx) directly changed cytidines or guanines to the other three bases independent of AID hotspot motifs, generating a large repertoire of variants at desired loci. Coupled with a uracil-DNA glycosylase inhibitor, dCas9-AIDx converted targeted cytidines specifically to thymines, creating specific point mutations. By targeting BCR-ABL with dCas9-AIDx, we efficiently identified known and new mutations conferring imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Thus, targeted AID-mediated mutagenesis (TAM) provides a forward genetic tool to screen for gain-of-function variants at base resolution.